Lehnert G, Wrbitzky R
Institute and Out-patient Clinic for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1998;11(1):9-18.
Occupational medicine is affected to a much greater extent by national legal and social conditions than by clinical issues. The different preconditions specific to each country serve to restrict the scientific dialogue on issues of occupational medicine. Therefore, in this paper are described the organisation and the under- and postgraduate education of occupational medicine in Germany and other European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, United Kingdom). In summary one can state that in many member states of the EU there is a lack of undergraduate training in occupational medicine for students and there are distinct systems for the postgraduate training and assessment of occupational physicians. The practice of occupational medicine in the EU countries probably has many similarities. The responsibilities of occupational physicians are rather comparable, though in some countries the approaches of occupational medical prevention and the interest in evaluating the structure, process and outcome of many of the activities of occupational medicine seem to recede something into the background.
与临床问题相比，职业医学在更大程度上受到国家法律和社会状况的影响。每个国家特有的不同前提条件限制了关于职业医学问题的科学对话。因此，本文描述了德国以及其他欧洲国家（奥地利、比利时、丹麦、意大利、英国）职业医学的组织架构以及本科和研究生教育情况。总的来说，可以指出在欧盟的许多成员国，针对学生的职业医学本科培训不足，并且存在针对职业医师的不同研究生培训和评估体系。欧盟国家的职业医学实践可能有许多相似之处。职业医师的职责相当类似，不过在一些国家，职业医学预防方法以及对评估职业医学许多活动的结构、过程和结果的兴趣似乎有所减弱。
