Osterrieder N, Wolf E
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Insel Riems, Germany.
Rev Sci Tech. 1998 Apr;17(1):351-64. doi: 10.20506/rst.17.1.1100.
The authors describe the technique for the application of homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, which is now widely used to engineer mice which carry specific knockouts of genes. A summary is given of some of the knowledge of the pathogenesis of and resistance to infections with parasites, bacteria, or viruses which has accumulated during recent years, based on the investigation of knockout mice. Special emphasis is placed on knockout animals which lack components of the cytokine network, lack genes which are critical for the correct presentation of antigens or are deficient in different immune cell subsets. In addition, a brief explanation is offered of the possibilities for inducing targeted deletions or mutations in genes of livestock species (e.g., by nuclear transfer or by mutagenesis using the alkylating agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) which could lead to the breeding of animals which are resistant to infectious diseases in the future.
作者描述了在胚胎干细胞中应用同源重组的技术，该技术目前广泛用于培育携带特定基因敲除的小鼠。基于对基因敲除小鼠的研究，总结了近年来积累的关于寄生虫、细菌或病毒感染的发病机制和抗性的一些知识。特别强调了缺乏细胞因子网络成分、缺乏对抗原正确呈递至关重要的基因或不同免疫细胞亚群有缺陷的基因敲除动物。此外，还简要解释了在牲畜物种基因中诱导靶向缺失或突变的可能性（例如，通过核移植或使用烷基化剂N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲进行诱变），这可能会在未来培育出对传染病有抗性的动物。
