Mäki-Torkko E M, Lindholm P K, Väyrynen M R, Leisti J T, Sorri M J
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
Scand Audiol. 1998;27(2):95-103. doi: 10.1080/010503998420333.
The epidemiology of childhood hearing impairments was studied in a clinical series of the birth cohorts for 1973-82 and 1983-92 from a geographically well-defined area. The overall prevalence of hearing impairments with PTA0.5-4 kHz > or = 40 dB was 1.2/1000 live births. Even in the later cohort, the median age ascertainment was 2.6 years for the congenital or early acquired group and 3.0 years for all impairments. Risk indicators for hearing impairment were present in half of the children, and those referred for the risk were ascertained at the median age of 1.1 years. The delay from suspicion to ascertainment was over a year in about one fifth of cases, while the median time from referral to ascertainment was only 1.8 months. The planning and implementation of neonatal hearing screening are suggested, and general information is given on paedoaudiology for both parents and professionals. A database could be beneficial in increasing the systemacy of the diagnostic process.
在一个地理区域明确的地区，对1973 - 1982年和1983 - 1992年出生队列的临床系列进行了儿童听力障碍流行病学研究。纯音平均听阈（PTA）0.5 - 4kHz≥40dB的听力障碍总体患病率为1.2/1000活产儿。即使在较晚的队列中，先天性或早期获得性听力障碍组的中位确诊年龄为2.6岁，所有听力障碍组为3.0岁。一半的儿童存在听力障碍风险指标，有风险指标而被转诊的儿童中位确诊年龄为1.1岁。约五分之一的病例从怀疑到确诊的延迟超过一年，而从转诊到确诊的中位时间仅为1.8个月。建议进行新生儿听力筛查的规划和实施，并向家长和专业人员提供有关儿童听力学的一般信息。建立一个数据库可能有助于提高诊断过程的系统性。
