Dalebout M L, Helden A V, van Waerebeek K, Baker C S
School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Mol Ecol. 1998 Jun;7(6):687-94. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00380.x.
To assist in the species-level identification of stranded and hunted beaked whales, we compiled a database of 'reference' sequences from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 15 of the 20 described ziphiid species. Reference samples for eight species were obtained from stranded animals in New Zealand and South Australia. Sequences for a further seven species were obtained from a previously published report. This database was used to identify 20 'test' samples obtained from incompletely documented strandings around New Zealand. Analyses showed that four of these 'test' specimens (20%) had initially been misidentified. These included two animals of particular interest: (i) a Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris), the first record of this species in New Zealand waters; and, (ii) a juvenile Andrews' beaked whale (Mesoplodon bowdoini), a species known from just over 20 strandings worldwide. A published sequence from a beaked whale product purchased in the Republic of Korea was identified as a Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris). Levels of intra- and interspecific variation were compared to determine the potential for misidentification when the database or taxonomy is incomplete. Intraspecific variation was generally < 2%, and interspecific divergence was generally > 4.7%. Exceptions were within-species variation in Hyperoodon planifrons, southern bottlenosed whale (4.12%), which exceeded the variation between the two species of Berardius (3.78%), and variation between the two specimens assigned to M. hectori, Hector's beaked whale (7.14%). The latter case appears to be an error in species identification, and could represent the discovery of a new species of beaked whale.
为了协助对搁浅和被捕杀的喙鲸进行物种水平的鉴定，我们编制了一个数据库，其中包含20种已知喙鲸科物种中15种的线粒体DNA控制区“参考”序列。8个物种的参考样本取自新西兰和南澳大利亚搁浅的动物。另外7个物种的序列取自之前发表的一份报告。该数据库用于鉴定从新西兰周围记录不完整的搁浅事件中获取的20个“测试”样本。分析表明，这些“测试”标本中有4个（20%）最初被错误鉴定。其中包括两个特别引人关注的动物：（i）一头布兰氏喙鲸（Mesoplodon densirostris），这是该物种在新西兰水域的首次记录；以及（ii）一头安德氏喙鲸幼鲸（Mesoplodon bowdoini），该物种在全球范围内仅有20多次搁浅记录。在韩国购买的一种喙鲸产品的已发表序列被鉴定为柯氏喙鲸（Ziphius cavirostris）。比较了种内和种间变异水平，以确定数据库或分类法不完整时错误鉴定的可能性。种内变异一般<2%，种间差异一般>4.7%。例外情况是北瓶鼻鲸（Hyperoodon planifrons）的种内变异（4.12%）超过了贝氏喙鲸两个物种之间的变异（3.78%），以及被归为赫氏喙鲸（Mesoplodon hectori）的两个标本之间的变异（7.14%）。后一种情况似乎是物种鉴定错误，可能代表发现了一种新的喙鲸物种。
