Savitz D A, Checkoway H, Loomis D P
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400 USA.
Epidemiology. 1998 Jul;9(4):398-404.
Several recent reports indicate that occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields may be associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. To address that hypothesis, we analyzed data from a cohort study of electric utility workers. We examined exposure to magnetic fields, assessed as duration of work in exposed jobs and through an index of cumulative exposure based on magnetic field measurements, in relation to mortality from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, considering both underlying and all mentioned causes of death. Adjusted mortality rate ratios based on Poisson regression models indicate no association between magnetic fields and Parkinson's disease and little support for an association with Alzheimer's disease mortality. Mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was positively associated with duration of work in exposed jobs [rate ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.7-6.0; and rate ratio = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.0-9.8, based on underlying cause for 5 - < 20 years and > or = 20 years vs < 5 years, respectively], as well as with cumulative magnetic field exposure with a > or = 20-year lag (rate ratio = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.8-6.6; and rate ratio = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.0-9.2, for exposure in the middle and upper intervals relative to the lowest interval, respectively).
最近的几份报告表明，职业性接触电场和磁场可能与神经退行性疾病风险增加有关。为了验证这一假设，我们分析了一项电力公司工人队列研究的数据。我们研究了磁场暴露情况，通过在暴露岗位的工作时长以及基于磁场测量的累积暴露指数进行评估，并将其与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症的死亡率相关联，同时考虑了潜在死因和所有提及的死因。基于泊松回归模型的调整后死亡率比值表明，磁场与帕金森病之间无关联，且几乎没有证据支持与阿尔茨海默病死亡率存在关联。肌萎缩侧索硬化症的死亡率与在暴露岗位的工作时长呈正相关[死亡率比值分别为2.0，95%置信区间（CI）=0.7 - 6.0；以及死亡率比值为3.1，95%CI = 1.0 - 9.8，分别基于5 - <20年和≥20年与<5年的潜在死因]，也与滞后≥20年的累积磁场暴露相关（相对于最低暴露区间，中间和较高暴露区间的死亡率比值分别为2.3，95%CI = 0.8 - 6.6；以及死亡率比值为3.0，95%CI = 1.0 - 9.2）。
