Trautwein E A, Rieckhoff D, Kunath-Rau A, Erbersdobler H F
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Germany.
Lipids. 1998 Jun;33(6):573-82. doi: 10.1007/s11745-998-0242-6.
Different soluble dietary fibers known to alter cholesterol metabolism were fed to golden Syrian hamsters, and their specific impact on lipoproteins, biliary bile acid profile, and fecal sterol excretion was evaluated. Semipurified diets containing 20% fat; 0.12% cholesterol; and 8% of psyllium (PSY); high (hePE) and low (lePE) esterified pectin; or high (hvGG) and low (lvGG) viscous guar gum were fed for 5 wk. Compared to control, PSY caused a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol (2.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/L), whereas hePE, lePE, hvGG, or lvGG had no apparent effect on plasma lipids. Hepatic total and esterified cholesterol were substantially decreased with PSY, pectin and guar gum, whereby PSY produced the most pronounced effect. Distinctive changes existed in the bile acid profile related to the different fibers. In contrast to pectin and guar gum, PSY caused a significant increase in the cholate:chenodeoxycholate and the glycine:taurine conjugation ratio. Pectin and guar gum did not alter daily fecal neutral sterol excretion while PSY caused a 90% increase due to a higher fecal output. Daily fecal bile acid excretion and total fecal bile acid concentration were significantly increased by PSY, whereas hePE, lePE, hvGG, and lvGG revealed no or only minor effects. Taken together, the disparate hypocholesterolemic effects of PSY, pectin, and guar gum on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the hamster are possibly related to different physicochemical properties, e.g., viscosity and susceptibility to fermentation, affecting the fiber-mediated action in the intestine.
将已知能改变胆固醇代谢的不同可溶性膳食纤维喂给金黄叙利亚仓鼠，并评估它们对脂蛋白、胆汁胆汁酸谱和粪便固醇排泄的具体影响。给仓鼠喂食含20%脂肪、0.12%胆固醇以及8%的车前子壳（PSY）、高酯化果胶（hePE）和低酯化果胶（lePE）或高粘性瓜尔胶（hvGG）和低粘性瓜尔胶（lvGG）的半纯化日粮，持续5周。与对照组相比，PSY使血浆胆固醇显著降低（2.9±0.5 vs. 5.5±0.5 mmol/L），而hePE、lePE、hvGG或lvGG对血浆脂质无明显影响。PSY、果胶和瓜尔胶使肝脏总胆固醇和酯化胆固醇大幅降低，其中PSY的作用最为显著。与不同纤维相关的胆汁酸谱存在明显变化。与果胶和瓜尔胶不同，PSY使胆酸盐：鹅去氧胆酸盐以及甘氨酸：牛磺酸结合率显著增加。果胶和瓜尔胶未改变每日粪便中性固醇排泄，而PSY因粪便产量增加导致排泄量增加90%。PSY使每日粪便胆汁酸排泄量和粪便总胆汁酸浓度显著增加，而hePE、lePE、hvGG和lvGG无影响或只有轻微影响。综上所述，PSY、果胶和瓜尔胶对仓鼠胆固醇和胆汁酸代谢的不同降胆固醇作用可能与不同的物理化学性质有关，例如粘度和发酵敏感性，这些性质会影响纤维在肠道中的介导作用。
