Dietert R R, Golemboski K A
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute for Comparative and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
Poult Sci. 1998 Jul;77(7):990-7. doi: 10.1093/ps/77.7.990.
This review considers the role of avian macrophages as a source of immune effector and immunoregulatory metabolites. Although considerable attention has been given to the importance of leukocytic cytokines, particularly the monokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), metabolites produced by macrophages appear to be of equal importance in determining the progression of immune responses. The three metabolite categories that have received the greatest attention are the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), and the eicosanoids. Additionally, the xenobiotic metabolites produced via cytochrome P450 activity mediate some immune-environmental interactions. Each of these four metabolite categories is subject to different requirements for metabolite production, and each has distinct effector functions. An understanding of macrophage metabolite regulation could allow improvements in avian health management and production via the effective control of metabolite production. The present review considers prior and recent information on the production of the metabolites by avian macrophages. Additionally, the potential ramifications of metabolite production and regulation are discussed.
本综述探讨了禽类巨噬细胞作为免疫效应物和免疫调节代谢产物来源的作用。尽管白细胞细胞因子的重要性已受到广泛关注，特别是诸如白细胞介素 -1（IL -1）、白细胞介素 -6（IL -6）、肿瘤坏死因子 -α（TNF -α）和转化生长因子 -β（TGF -β）等单核因子，但巨噬细胞产生的代谢产物在决定免疫反应进程中似乎具有同等重要性。受到最多关注的三类代谢产物是活性氧（ROS）、活性氮中间体（RNI）和类二十烷酸。此外，通过细胞色素P450活性产生的外源性代谢产物介导了一些免疫 - 环境相互作用。这四类代谢产物中的每一类对代谢产物产生都有不同要求，且各自具有独特的效应功能。了解巨噬细胞代谢产物调节有助于通过有效控制代谢产物产生来改善禽类健康管理和生产。本综述考虑了禽类巨噬细胞产生这些代谢产物的既往和最新信息。此外，还讨论了代谢产物产生和调节的潜在影响。
