Ray M D
Center for Pharmacy Practice Research and Development, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1998 Jul 1;55(13):1369-74. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/55.13.1369.
Definitions and components of interdisciplinary care, as well as means of implementing, reasons for adopting, and barriers to interdisciplinary care, are presented. A health care discipline is an area of knowledge and research that is critical to patient care. In multidisciplinary practice, each member of a clinical group practices with an awareness and tolerance of other disciplines. In interdisciplinary practice, members of a team actively coordinate care across disciplines. In an ideal interdisciplinary health care team, decisions are made by consensus and each discipline has an equal opportunity for input into decisions. To make the transition from multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary practice, all disciplines, rather than representing freestanding silos, must have shared borders that represent a common professional interest and knowledge base. Such a practice model will lead to an increased level of trust among professions and a deeper level of understanding about what each profession can contribute. Barriers to interdisciplinary practice include historical factors such as different philosophies of practice and professional training, logistics of team implementation, and resource limitation. To facilitate interdisciplinary practice, pharmacists must be competent, understand what a team is, provide leadership, be prepared to help develop drug therapy outcome objectives, project self-confidence, and demonstrate a readiness for interdisciplinary practice. Interdisciplinary care must be applied in a cost-effective way. Interdisciplinary patient care must be taught in professional schools and postgraduate training programs. Interdisciplinary patient care requires common values, a common vision, and an understanding of teamwork with the ultimate goal of serving the patient with wisdom.
介绍了跨学科护理的定义、组成部分，以及实施方式、采用原因和跨学科护理的障碍。医疗保健学科是对患者护理至关重要的知识和研究领域。在多学科实践中，临床团队的每个成员在实践中都要了解并容忍其他学科。在跨学科实践中，团队成员积极协调各学科之间的护理。在理想的跨学科医疗团队中，决策通过共识做出，每个学科都有平等的机会参与决策。要从多学科实践过渡到跨学科实践，所有学科不能各自独立，而必须有共同的边界，代表共同的专业兴趣和知识基础。这样的实践模式将提高各专业之间的信任水平，并加深对每个专业所能做出贡献的理解。跨学科实践的障碍包括历史因素，如不同的实践理念和专业培训、团队实施的后勤问题以及资源限制。为促进跨学科实践，药剂师必须具备能力，了解团队是什么，发挥领导作用，准备好帮助制定药物治疗结果目标，展现自信，并表明愿意参与跨学科实践。跨学科护理必须以具有成本效益的方式应用。跨学科患者护理必须在专业院校和研究生培训项目中进行教学。跨学科患者护理需要共同的价值观、共同的愿景，以及对团队合作的理解，最终目标是以智慧为患者服务。
