Ball K, Owsley C, Stalvey B, Roenker D L, Sloane M E, Graves M
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-1170, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 1998 May;30(3):313-22. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00102-4.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between visual and cognitive impairment in older drivers and their avoidance of potentially challenging, driving situation. A group of 257 older drivers participated in assessments of visual sensory function, eye health and cognitive function including the useful field of view test, and completed a structured questionnaire on driving exposure and how frequently they avoided challenging driving situations. Results replicated earlier studies showing that many older drivers limit their exposure to driving situations which are generally believed to be more difficult (e.g. rain, night, heavy traffic, rush hour). Furthermore, older drivers with objectively determined visual and/or attentional impairments reported more avoidance than those free of impairments; those with the most impairment reported avoiding more types of situations than other less impaired or non-impaired drivers. Older drivers with a history of at-fault crashes in the prior five years reported more avoidance than those who had crash-free records. Future research should evaluate the potentially beneficial role of self-regulation in enhancing older driver safety, particularly in those older drivers with visual and attentional processing impairments who have elevated crash risk.
本研究的目的是探讨老年驾驶员视觉和认知障碍与其避免潜在挑战性驾驶情况之间的关联。一组257名老年驾驶员参与了视觉感觉功能、眼部健康和认知功能的评估，包括有用视野测试，并完成了一份关于驾驶暴露情况以及他们避免具有挑战性驾驶情况频率的结构化问卷。结果重复了早期研究，表明许多老年驾驶员会限制自己暴露于通常被认为更困难的驾驶情况（如下雨、夜间、交通拥堵、高峰时段）。此外，经客观测定存在视觉和/或注意力障碍的老年驾驶员比没有障碍的驾驶员报告了更多的回避情况；障碍最严重的驾驶员报告回避的情况类型比其他障碍较轻或无障碍的驾驶员更多。在过去五年中有过错碰撞事故史的老年驾驶员比没有碰撞事故记录的驾驶员报告了更多的回避情况。未来的研究应评估自我调节在提高老年驾驶员安全性方面的潜在有益作用，特别是在那些视觉和注意力处理存在障碍且碰撞风险较高的老年驾驶员中。
