Chorpita B F, Barlow D H
Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1998 Jul;124(1):3-21. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3.
Current developments in cognitive and emotion theory suggest that anxiety plays a rather central role in negative emotions. This article reviews findings in the area of anxiety and depression, helplessness, locus of control, explanatory style, animal learning, biology, parenting, attachment theory, and childhood stress and resilience to articulate a model of the environmental influences on the development of anxiety. Evidence from a variety of sources suggests that early experience with diminished control may foster a cognitive style characterized by an increased probability of interpreting or processing subsequent events as out of one's control, which may represent a psychological vulnerability for anxiety. Implications for research are discussed.
认知与情绪理论的当前发展表明，焦虑在负面情绪中扮演着相当核心的角色。本文回顾了焦虑与抑郁、无助感、控制点、解释风格、动物学习、生物学、养育方式、依恋理论以及童年压力与恢复力等领域的研究结果，以阐明一个关于环境对焦虑发展影响的模型。来自各种来源的证据表明，早期缺乏控制的经历可能会培养出一种认知风格，其特点是将后续事件解释或处理为超出个人控制的可能性增加，这可能代表了焦虑的一种心理易感性。文中还讨论了对研究的启示。
