Hämmerlein A, Derendorf H, Lowenthal D T
Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998 Jul;35(1):49-64. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199835010-00004.
Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics principally affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Changes in pharmacodynamics are primarily seen in the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine system. Age-dependent changes in the kinetics and dynamics of drugs acting on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system are common, and this review, while by no means exhaustive of the effects of drugs on all organ systems, is reflective of the principles and gives examples of the effects of age on these 2 major systems. While pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly are usually well characterised, pharmacodynamic changes are understood only in the most preliminary way. There has been relatively little research in this area of geriatric clinical pharmacology, and pharmacodynamic changes are still an area of investigation.
药代动力学方面与年龄相关的变化主要影响药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄。药效学方面的变化主要见于心血管和神经内分泌系统。作用于心血管系统和中枢神经系统的药物，其药代动力学和药效学随年龄的变化很常见。本综述虽然绝不是对药物对所有器官系统影响的详尽阐述，但反映了相关原理，并举例说明了年龄对这两个主要系统的影响。虽然老年人药代动力学变化通常已得到很好的描述，但对药效学变化的了解还只是最初步的。老年临床药理学这一领域的研究相对较少，药效学变化仍是一个研究领域。
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