Shooka A, al-Haddad M K, Raees A
Psychiatric Hospital, Manama, Bahrain.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1998 Summer;44(2):147-54. doi: 10.1177/002076409804400207.
Fifty patients with a primary diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were studied during the course of the year 1994 from a phenomenological point of view in order to delineate the various forms and contents of obsessions and compulsions. An attempt was made to highlight the frequency with which the different forms and contents occur. Six types of obsessions were identified: doubts, thoughts, fear (phobia), images, impulses and miscellaneous. Compulsive acts were classified into two types: yielding and controlling. The contents of obsessions could be classified into eight broad categories as relating to: dirt and contamination, germs, aggression, sex, religion, blasphemy, illness and indecisiveness. Thirty eight percent of the patients displayed obsessional thoughts related to dirt and contamination, while forty per cent showed religious and blasphemous obsessional thoughts and doubts. Fifty six percent of the patients had compulsions of which 36% were multiple, while 20% displayed only a single compulsion. The paper discusses these findings and emphasizes the role played by sociocultural and religious factors in shaping the character of an obsessional thought content.
1994年期间，从现象学角度对50例初步诊断为强迫症（OCD）的患者进行了研究，以描绘强迫观念和强迫行为的各种形式及内容。研究试图突出不同形式和内容出现的频率。确定了六种强迫观念类型：怀疑、想法、恐惧（恐惧症）、意象、冲动和其他。强迫行为分为两类：屈服型和控制型。强迫观念的内容可大致分为八类，涉及：污垢与污染、细菌、攻击、性、宗教、亵渎、疾病和优柔寡断。38%的患者表现出与污垢和污染相关的强迫观念，而40%表现出宗教和亵渎性的强迫观念及怀疑。56%的患者有强迫行为，其中36%有多种强迫行为，20%仅表现出单一强迫行为。本文讨论了这些发现，并强调了社会文化和宗教因素在塑造强迫观念内容特征方面所起的作用。
