文化在强迫症及其治疗中的影响
Influence of Culture in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Its Treatment.
作者信息
Nicolini Humberto, Salin-Pascual Rafael, Cabrera Brenda, Lanzagorta Nuria
机构信息
1Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Clinical Research, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Departamanto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
出版信息
Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2017 Dec;13(4):285-292. doi: 10.2174/2211556007666180115105935.
BACKGROUND
The aspects of cultural identity and its impact on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been un-derstudied. There are different opinions, ranging from the idea that culture does not affect the symptoms of this condition to the idea that cultures with high religiosity may have more severity of OCD. Also, the concept of OCD has considerably var-ied across history and cultures, from being considered an issue related to lack of control of blasphemous ideas, and a part of anxious issues, to the description of complex neurobiological systems in its causation.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to address OCD as a well-characterized disorder with a proposed neurobiological ba-sis which may or may not have variations depending on cultural diversity. The question that was asked in this review is whether or not there are cultural differences in the manifestations of the OCD symptomatology and which factors of cultural diversity have a major influence on such manifestations along with the differences among some cultures regarding OCD is-sues, where the difference among countries has also been highlighted.
METHODS
A review of the literature was conducted that includes the following words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, cul-ture, cultural identity and religion in a period of 10 years.
CONCLUSION
Cultural variations do not seem to differ from symptomatic clusters of OCD, which may be indicating that a se-ries of adaptive behaviors is evolutionarily evolving to be constantly altered, perhaps by well-determined pathophysiological mechanisms. Some aspects that have been related to some dimensions of OCD symptomatology are religion and religiosity, affecting the content of obsessions and the severity of manifestations. Properly evaluating the education background, access to health services, food, and the genetic structure of populations, using investigational instruments sensitive to these cultural elements, will increase our understanding of the importance of culture on OCD and its treatment.
背景
文化认同及其对强迫症（OCD）的影响方面尚未得到充分研究。存在不同观点，从文化不影响该病症症状的观点到高度宗教化的文化中强迫症可能更严重的观点。此外，强迫症的概念在历史和文化中差异很大，从被认为是与亵渎性想法缺乏控制相关的问题以及焦虑问题的一部分，到对其病因中复杂神经生物学系统的描述。
目的
本综述的目的是将强迫症作为一种具有明确神经生物学基础的特征性疾病来探讨，其可能因文化多样性而有或没有差异。本综述提出的问题是强迫症症状表现是否存在文化差异，文化多样性的哪些因素对这些表现有重大影响，以及不同文化在强迫症问题上的差异，其中也强调了国家间的差异。
方法
对文献进行了综述，搜索词包括：强迫症、文化、文化认同和宗教，时间跨度为10年。
结论
文化差异似乎与强迫症的症状群并无不同，这可能表明一系列适应性行为正在进化，可能通过明确的病理生理机制不断改变。与强迫症症状学某些维度相关的一些方面是宗教和宗教信仰，它们影响强迫观念的内容和表现的严重程度。使用对这些文化元素敏感的调查工具，正确评估教育背景、获得医疗服务的机会、食物以及人群的基因结构，将增进我们对文化在强迫症及其治疗中的重要性的理解。
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