Rosander M, Stiwne D, Granström K
Department of Education and Psychology, Linköping University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 1998 Jun;39(2):81-92. doi: 10.1111/1467-9450.00060.
Research on regressive group processes such as Janis' (1982) "groupthink" phenomenon has rarely focused on work groups in authentic settings. In this study, teams from six different organisations (n = 308) were studied by using a groupthink questionnaire constructed in accordance with the symptoms of groupthink described by Janis. It was hypothesised that groupthink could be described as a bipolar construct identifying either an omnipotent or a depressive variant of a group's delusions about its own and other groups' features. The questionnaire showed reasonably good reliability as a whole and a factor analysis identified three factors in line with the proposed theoretical model in which the two different types of groupthink can be distinguished. We propose that any group might have a tendency or predisposition to react in either of the two directions during provocative circumstances. The six different organisations exhibited different types of groupthink to a varying degree. A religious sect was the one most characterised by omnipotent groupthink, while a technological company and a psychiatric team seemed to be the ones with most features of depressive groupthink.
对诸如詹尼斯（1982年）提出的“群体思维”现象这类退行性群体过程的研究，很少关注真实环境中的工作群体。在本研究中，使用一份根据詹尼斯所描述的群体思维症状构建的群体思维问卷，对来自六个不同组织的团队（n = 308）进行了研究。研究假设群体思维可被描述为一种双极结构，识别出一个群体对自身及其他群体特征的妄想的全能或抑郁变体。该问卷整体显示出相当好的信度，一项因素分析确定了与所提出的理论模型相符的三个因素，在该模型中可以区分出两种不同类型的群体思维。我们提出，在具有挑衅性的情况下，任何群体都可能有倾向或易感性以两种方向中的任何一种做出反应。六个不同组织在不同程度上表现出不同类型的群体思维。一个宗教教派最具全能型群体思维的特征，而一家科技公司和一个精神科团队似乎具有最多抑郁型群体思维的特征。
