Camras L A, Oster H, Campos J, Campos R, Ujiie T, Miyake K, Wang L, Meng Z
Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1998 Jul;34(4):616-28. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.34.4.616.
European American, Japanese, and Chinese 11-month-olds participated in emotion-inducing laboratory procedures. Facial responses were scored with BabyFACS, an anatomically based coding system. Overall, Chinese infants were less expressive than European American and Japanese infants. On measures of smiling and crying, Chinese infants scored lower than European American infants, whereas Japanese infants were similar to the European American infants or fell between the two other groups. Results suggest that differences in expressivity between European American and Chinese infants are more robust than those between European American and Japanese infants and that Chinese and Japanese infants can differ significantly. Cross-cultural differences were also found for some specific brow, cheek, and midface facial actions (e.g., brows lowered). These are discussed in terms of current controversies about infant affective facial expressions.
欧裔美国人、日本人和中国的11个月大婴儿参与了诱发情绪的实验室程序。面部反应通过基于解剖学的编码系统——婴儿面部动作编码系统（BabyFACS）进行评分。总体而言，中国婴儿的表现力低于欧裔美国婴儿和日本婴儿。在微笑和哭泣的测量指标上，中国婴儿的得分低于欧裔美国婴儿，而日本婴儿与欧裔美国婴儿相似，或介于其他两组之间。结果表明，欧裔美国婴儿和中国婴儿之间的表现力差异比欧裔美国婴儿和日本婴儿之间的差异更为显著，而且中国婴儿和日本婴儿也可能存在显著差异。在一些特定的眉毛、脸颊和面部中部的面部动作（如眉毛下垂）方面也发现了跨文化差异。本文将根据当前关于婴儿情感面部表情的争议对这些差异进行讨论。
