Pomerleau O F, Pomerleau C S, Namenek R J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
Addiction. 1998 Apr;93(4):595-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.93459515.x.
Recent research suggests that people who become smokers may be more sensitive to the positive effects of nicotine than those who do not take up smoking.
The present study was designed to investigate this hypothesis by querying initial experiences with cigarette smoking in smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers recruited from the local community.
Subjects were 80 women (23 highly-dependent smokers (Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire score > or = 7), 30 less-dependent smokers (FTQ < or = 6), 12 ex-smokers and 15 never-smokers).
Subjects were asked to rate pleasurable sensations and displeasurable sensations on a scale of 1 = none to 4 = intense, and to indicate the presence or absence of pleasurable rush or buzz, relaxation, dizziness, nausea and cough; social context was also queried. Pleasurable rush or buzz, relaxation, dizziness, nausea and cough were related to ratings of pleasurable and unpleasant sensations to establish their affective valence.
Pleasurable sensations, pleasurable rush or buzz and relaxation (pleasant effects) were significantly more likely to occur in the smoker categories than in never-smokers. The ratio of pleasurable to unpleasant sensations, computed as an index of overall hedonic impact of initial exposure, also significantly favored the smoker categories. By contrast, unpleasant sensations, nausea and cough (unpleasant effects) did not differ significantly among groups. Dizziness, which did not definitely emerge as either pleasurable or unpleasant, was significantly more likely to be reported among the smoker groups than among never-smokers.
People who become highly dependent cigarette smokers appear to have more pleasurable sensations at their initial exposure to tobacco; unpleasant reactions to the first cigarette do not seem to protect against subsequent smoking.
近期研究表明，开始吸烟的人可能比不吸烟的人对尼古丁的积极作用更敏感。
本研究旨在通过询问从当地社区招募的吸烟者、戒烟者和从不吸烟者初次吸烟的体验来调查这一假设。
受试者为80名女性（23名高度依赖吸烟者（法格斯特罗姆耐受性问卷得分≥7），30名低度依赖吸烟者（FTQ≤6），12名戒烟者和15名从不吸烟者）。
要求受试者在1（无）至4（强烈）的量表上对愉悦感和不愉悦感进行评分，并指出是否存在愉悦的冲动或兴奋、放松、头晕、恶心和咳嗽；还询问了社交背景。将愉悦的冲动或兴奋、放松、头晕、恶心和咳嗽与愉悦感和不愉悦感的评分相关联，以确定其情感效价。
愉悦感、愉悦的冲动或兴奋以及放松（愉悦效果）在吸烟者类别中比从不吸烟者更有可能出现。作为初次接触总体享乐影响指标计算的愉悦感与不愉悦感的比率也明显有利于吸烟者类别。相比之下，不愉悦感、恶心和咳嗽（不愉悦效果）在各组之间没有显著差异。头晕，既不确定是愉悦的也不确定是不愉悦的，在吸烟者组中比从不吸烟者组更有可能被报告。
开始成为高度依赖吸烟者的人在初次接触烟草时似乎有更多愉悦感；对第一支香烟的不愉快反应似乎并不能防止后续吸烟。
