Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Aug 1;249:110822. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110822. Epub 2023 Jun 9.
The literature on the association between subjective effects (SEs; i.e., how an individual perceives their physiological and psychological reactions to a drug) and substance use disorders (SUDs) is largely limited to community samples. The present study addressed the following aims in a clinical sample: whether SEs predict general versus substance-specific SUD in adolescence and adulthood after controlling for conduct disorder symptoms (CDsymp); whether SEs predict SUDs across drug classes; whether SEs predict change in SUD from adolescence to adulthood; and whether there are racial/ethnic differences in associations.
Longitudinal analyses were conducted using data from a sample of 744 clinical probands recruited from residential and outpatient SUD treatment facilities in CO during adolescence (M = 16.26) and re-assessed twice in adulthood (M = 22.56 and 28.96), approximately seven and twelve years after first assessment. SEs and CDsymp were assessed in adolescence. SUD severity was assessed at adolescence and twice during adulthood.
SEs assessed in adolescence robustly predicted general SUD for legal and illegal substances in adolescence and adulthood, whereas CDsymp predicted SUD primarily in adolescence. Higher positive and negative SEs in adolescence were associated with greater SUD severity after controlling for CDsymp, with similar magnitudes. Results indicated cross-substance effects of SEs on SUD. We found no evidence for racial/ethnic differences in associations.
We investigated the progression of SUD in a high-risk sample with greater odds of sustained SUD. In contrast to CDsymp, both positive and negative SEs consistently predicted general SUD across substances in adolescence and adulthood.
关于主观效应（即个体对药物生理和心理反应的感知）与物质使用障碍（SUD）之间关联的文献主要局限于社区样本。本研究在临床样本中解决了以下目标：在控制品行障碍症状（CDsymp）后，主观效应是否预测青少年和成年期的一般物质使用障碍和特定物质使用障碍；主观效应是否预测不同药物类别中的 SUD；主观效应是否预测从青少年到成年期 SUD 的变化；以及在关联中是否存在种族/民族差异。
使用来自科罗拉多州住宅和门诊 SUD 治疗设施的 744 名临床患者样本中的数据进行纵向分析，这些患者在青少年时期（M = 16.26）进行了首次评估，并在成年期两次进行了重新评估（M = 22.56 和 28.96），大约在首次评估后七年和十二年。青少年时期评估主观效应和 CDsymp。青少年时期和成年期两次评估 SUD 严重程度。
青少年时期评估的主观效应强烈预测了青少年和成年期合法和非法物质的一般 SUD，而 CDsymp 主要预测了青少年时期的 SUD。青少年时期较高的正性和负性主观效应与 CDsymp 控制后的 SUD 严重程度相关，具有相似的幅度。结果表明主观效应对 SUD 具有跨物质的影响。我们没有发现关联中存在种族/民族差异的证据。
我们在一个具有更高持续 SUD 几率的高风险样本中研究了 SUD 的进展。与 CDsymp 相反，正性和负性主观效应在青少年和成年期均一致预测了各种物质的一般 SUD。
