Dodgson P G, Wood J V
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Jul;75(1):178-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.178.
People with high self-esteem (HSEs) respond less negatively to failure than people with low self-esteem (LSEs). This difference may occur because HSEs overcome the natural tendency to focus on negative thoughts after failure, and instead focus on their strengths. In 2 experiments, participants with high and low self-esteem received failure, success, or no feedback. Accessibility of strengths and weaknesses was measured by response latency on an unrelated task. Results confirmed that although strengths were typically more accessible than weaknesses for both groups, the discrepancy was larger for HSEs after failure feedback than after no feedback. This heightened discrepancy appears to result from HSEs recruiting their strengths and suppressing their weaknesses. In contrast, LSEs' weaknesses appeared to become especially accessible after failure. These results have implications for the mood-congruent cognition and self-esteem literatures.
高自尊者（HSEs）比低自尊者（LSEs）对失败的负面反应更少。这种差异可能是因为高自尊者克服了失败后专注于消极想法的自然倾向，转而关注自身优势。在两项实验中，高自尊和低自尊的参与者分别收到失败、成功或无反馈信息。通过一项无关任务的反应潜伏期来衡量优势和劣势的易及性。结果证实，虽然两组参与者的优势通常都比劣势更容易被提取，但在收到失败反馈后，高自尊者的这种差异比无反馈时更大。这种差异的加剧似乎是由于高自尊者发挥自身优势并抑制自身劣势。相比之下，低自尊者的劣势在失败后似乎变得格外容易被提取。这些结果对情绪一致性认知和自尊文献具有启示意义。
