Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jun 12;20(12):6102. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20126102.
Chronic stress is associated with accelerated aging and poor health outcomes in older adults. According to the Transactional Model of Stress (TMS), distress is experienced when one perceives the stressor, or threat, to outweigh the ability to cope. The experience of distress is correlated with trait neuroticism, which is associated with greater perceptions of stress and stress reactivity, as well as a tendency to engage in maladaptive coping strategies. However, as individual personality traits do not act in isolation, this study aimed to investigate the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between neuroticism and distress using a TMS framework.
A total of 201 healthy older adults (Mage = 68.65 years) completed questionnaires measuring self-esteem, neuroticism, perceived stress, and positive coping.
Greater neuroticism was significantly associated with less positive coping at low (b = -0.02, < 0.001) and mean self-esteem levels (b = -0.01, < 0.001), but not at high self-esteem levels (b = -0.01, = 0.06). No moderating effect was found for perceived stress or overall distress.
The results support the association between trait neuroticism and indices of stress and suggest a potential buffering effect of self-esteem in moderating the negative association between neuroticism and positive coping.
慢性压力与老年人的加速衰老和健康状况不佳有关。根据压力的交互作用模型（TMS），当一个人感知到压力源或威胁超过应对能力时，就会经历痛苦。痛苦的体验与特质神经质有关，特质神经质与更大的压力感知和压力反应性以及采用适应不良的应对策略的倾向有关。然而，由于个体的人格特质并非孤立存在，因此本研究旨在使用 TMS 框架探讨自尊在神经质与痛苦之间的关系中的调节作用。
共有 201 名健康的老年人（Mage = 68.65 岁）完成了测量自尊、神经质、感知压力和积极应对的问卷。
较高的神经质与较低的积极应对（b = -0.02，<0.001）和平均自尊水平（b = -0.01，<0.001）显著相关，但与高自尊水平无关（b = -0.01，= 0.06）。感知压力或总体痛苦均未发现调节作用。
结果支持特质神经质与压力指标之间的关联，并表明自尊在调节神经质与积极应对之间的负相关方面可能具有缓冲作用。
