Wilbur J, Miller A M, Montgomery A, Chandler P
Department of Public Health, Mental Health, and Administrative Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
Menopause. 1998 Spring;5(1):43-51.
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive hormones, and body composition on symptoms reported by generally well midlife women.
The design was a 24-cell, randomly selected quota sample, stratified by four occupations that varied in professional status, two races, and three age groups. One hundred fifty-three women, aged 35 to 69, who worked 20 or more hours a week, who were not on hormone replacement therapy, who were not pregnant, and who did not have a hysterectomy prior to the age of 53 participated in the study. Data were collected at 10 employment sites. Symptoms were assessed by a 22-item symptom index. Serum hormone levels of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were drawn for each woman, and body composition was assessed by body mass index (BMI).
Chi-square tests showed that significantly more White women than Black women experienced nervous tension, loss of urine, and vaginal dryness. Analyses of variance showed that women experiencing hot flashes had significantly higher FSH levels, lower estradiol levels, and higher BMI than women not experiencing this symptom. Estradiol (odds ratio 0.988) and BMI (odds ratio 1.094) were significant predictors of experiencing hot flashes when entered into a stepwise logistic regression with age and FSH level as covariates.
Findings suggest that symptoms experienced by midlife women are consistent across races, and that interventions targeting weight reduction may improve hot flashes experienced by midlife women.
本研究旨在探讨社会人口学特征、生殖激素和身体成分对一般健康的中年女性所报告症状的影响。
该设计为一个24单元的随机选择配额样本，按四种专业地位不同的职业、两个种族和三个年龄组进行分层。153名年龄在35至69岁之间、每周工作20小时或以上、未接受激素替代疗法、未怀孕且53岁之前未进行子宫切除术的女性参与了该研究。数据在10个工作地点收集。症状通过一个包含22个项目的症状指数进行评估。为每位女性抽取血清雌二醇和促卵泡激素（FSH）水平，并通过体重指数（BMI）评估身体成分。
卡方检验显示，经历神经紧张、漏尿和阴道干涩的白人女性明显多于黑人女性。方差分析表明，经历潮热的女性比未经历此症状的女性FSH水平显著更高、雌二醇水平更低且BMI更高。当将年龄和FSH水平作为协变量纳入逐步逻辑回归时，雌二醇（优势比0.988）和BMI（优势比1.094）是经历潮热的显著预测因素。
研究结果表明，中年女性所经历的症状在不同种族间具有一致性，且针对体重减轻的干预措施可能会改善中年女性经历的潮热症状。
