Valenta R, Vrtala S, Laffer S, Spitzauer S, Kraft D
Institutes of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria.
Allergy. 1998 Jun;53(6):552-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03930.x.
A great variety of recombinant plant, mite, mold, mammal, and insect allergens have been expressed in heterologous hosts (e.g., Escherichia coli), their cDNA being used as a template. The number of biologically active recombinant allergens available for experimental, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes is increasing tremendously. Recombinant allergens have proven to be valuable tools to investigate T-cell and B-cell recognition of allergens as well as to study mechanisms of specific IgE regulation. The immunologic equivalence of many relevant recombinant allergens with their natural counterparts has been demonstrated, and the three-dimensional structures of several recombinant allergens have been described recently. As a result of extensive cross-reactivities among the relevant allergens, it appears that the number of epitopes needed for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy is less diverse than originally anticipated and might be soon covered by recombinant molecules. Recombinant allergens have been used for successful in vitro, as well as in vivo, allergy diagnosis, and work is in progress to produce recombinant allergen derivatives with reduced anaphylactic potential to improve current forms of immunotherapy.
多种重组植物、螨虫、霉菌、哺乳动物和昆虫过敏原已在异源宿主（如大肠杆菌）中表达，其cDNA用作模板。可用于实验、诊断和治疗目的的生物活性重组过敏原的数量正在大幅增加。重组过敏原已被证明是研究T细胞和B细胞对过敏原的识别以及研究特异性IgE调节机制的有价值工具。许多相关重组过敏原与其天然对应物的免疫等效性已得到证实，最近还描述了几种重组过敏原的三维结构。由于相关过敏原之间存在广泛的交叉反应性，似乎诊断和特异性免疫治疗所需的表位数量比最初预期的要少，并且可能很快被重组分子覆盖。重组过敏原已成功用于体外和体内过敏诊断，目前正在开展工作以生产具有降低过敏反应潜力的重组过敏原衍生物，以改进当前的免疫治疗形式。
