Fontana A, Rosenheck R
Northeast Program Evaluation Center, Evaluation Division of the VA National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 1998 Jul;11(3):485-503. doi: 10.1023/A:1024452612412.
Data from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study on 1,198 Vietnam theater veterans were used to examine the psychological benefits and liabilities of traumatic exposure in the war zone. Psychological benefits and liabilities were found to be largely independent of one another and to be related positively to the dose of traumatic exposure. Additionally, there was a curvilinear trend in the form of an inverted U, such that psychological benefits, most notably solidarity with others, were stronger at intermediate compared to high and low levels of exposure. Psychological benefits counteracted and psychological liabilities passed through the effects of traumatic exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychological benefit of self-improvement moderated the effects of the psychological liability of self-impoverishment on PTSD.
来自“越南退伍军人重新适应全国性研究”的1198名曾在越南战区服役的退伍军人的数据，被用于检验战区创伤暴露带来的心理益处和负担。研究发现，心理益处和负担在很大程度上相互独立，且都与创伤暴露的剂量呈正相关。此外，存在一种倒U形的曲线趋势，即心理益处，尤其是与他人的团结感，在中等创伤暴露水平时比高暴露水平和低暴露水平时更强。心理益处抵消了创伤暴露对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的影响，而心理负担则受到创伤暴露对PTSD影响的作用。自我提升的心理益处缓和了自我贫困化的心理负担对PTSD的影响。
