Bernstein J H, Shuval J T
Department of the Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Soc Sci Med. 1998 Sep;47(6):809-19. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00139-7.
This paper reports the findings of a five-year, three-stage study of the occupational status persistence of 333 physicians who immigrated to Israel from the former Soviet Union in 1990. The first data collection, by way of a structured questionnaire in Russian, was undertaken in 1991, during their participation in preparatory courses for the medical licensure examination. The second and third stages of data collection were undertaken by mail in 1993 and 1995. Data are presented regarding the influence of gender and age on employment status and on the relationship between employment status and psycho-social well-being, including work and general satisfaction, self-esteem, mood, health and overall adaptation, at both stages. The dynamics of occupational integration are investigated by looking at the effects of occupational stability vs occupational change between stage 2 and stage 3 on the psycho social outcome variables. After three years in Israel, men were more likely to be working as physicians than women, and women were more likely to be unemployed. However, after five years, women were equally likely to have found work in their profession, albeit in lower status positions. Younger respondents were more successful than older respondents in passing the licensure examination, finding work in their profession, and entering residency programs. The gap between them did not close between stage 2 and stage 3. At both stage 2 and stage 3, those working as physicians had significantly more positive well-being scores than those not working as physicians. All occupational groups had more positive scores at stage 3 than at stage 2, except for those who were working in non-medically related jobs. The greatest improvement in psycho-social well-being was among those who became physicians between stage 2 and stage 3, compared to those who were not physicians at either stage and those who were physicians at both stages.
本文报告了一项为期五年、分三个阶段的研究结果，该研究针对1990年从前苏联移民到以色列的333名医生的职业地位持续性。第一次数据收集于1991年通过俄语结构化问卷进行，当时他们正在参加医学执照考试的预备课程。第二和第三阶段的数据收集于1993年和1995年通过邮寄进行。在两个阶段都呈现了关于性别和年龄对就业状况的影响以及就业状况与心理社会幸福感之间关系的数据，包括工作和总体满意度、自尊、情绪、健康和总体适应情况。通过观察第二阶段和第三阶段职业稳定性与职业变化对心理社会结果变量的影响，研究职业整合的动态过程。在以色列生活三年后，男性比女性更有可能从事医生工作，而女性更有可能失业。然而，五年后，女性同样有可能在其专业领域找到工作，尽管职位地位较低。较年轻的受访者在通过执照考试、在其专业领域找到工作以及进入住院医师项目方面比年长的受访者更成功。在第二阶段和第三阶段之间，他们之间的差距并未缩小。在第二阶段和第三阶段，从事医生工作的人的幸福感得分都明显高于未从事医生工作的人。除了从事与医学无关工作的人之外，所有职业群体在第三阶段的得分都比第二阶段更积极。与在两个阶段都不是医生以及在两个阶段都是医生的人相比，心理社会幸福感改善最大的是在第二阶段和第三阶段之间成为医生的人。
