Smithee J A, Klorman R, Brumaghim J T, Borgstedt A D
Pine Rest Northwest Clinic, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49504, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998 Aug;26(4):233-45. doi: 10.1023/a:1022698232481.
Twenty-six children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in a double-blind trial consisting of 2 consecutive weeks each of placebo and methylphenidate (M = 26.92 mg/day = 0.78 mg/kg/day). As expected, stimulant therapy resulted in moderate weight loss, increased somatic complaints, and teacher and parent reports of reduced inattentiveness, aggression, and oppositionality. In both phases of the trial, patients were tested in a choice reaction time task assessing two aspects of the task that presumably affect response selection: response frequency (ratio of targets/nontargets = 25/75 vs. 50/50) and stimulus sequence (alternations vs. repetitions). Both manipulations yielded expected results on performance and event-related potentials (ERPs). Stimulant treatment increased accuracy and speed among younger children and curtailed variability of reaction time for the sample as a whole. However, methylphenidate did not affect ERPs. In combination, the results imply that the enhancement of performance by methylphenidate does not involve the demands of response selection examined in this study.
26名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童参与了一项双盲试验，该试验包括连续2周的安慰剂治疗期和哌甲酯治疗期（平均剂量M = 26.92毫克/天 = 0.78毫克/千克/天）。正如预期的那样，兴奋剂治疗导致了适度的体重减轻、躯体不适增加，以及教师和家长报告称儿童的注意力不集中、攻击性和对立行为减少。在试验的两个阶段，对患者进行了一项选择反应时间任务测试，该任务评估了可能影响反应选择的两个方面：反应频率（目标/非目标的比例 = 25/75 与 50/50）和刺激序列（交替与重复）。两种操作对行为表现和事件相关电位（ERP）均产生了预期的结果。兴奋剂治疗提高了年幼儿童的准确性和速度，并减少了整个样本反应时间的变异性。然而，哌甲酯并未影响ERP。综合来看，结果表明哌甲酯对行为表现的增强作用并不涉及本研究中所考察的反应选择需求。
