Klorman R, Brumaghim J T, Salzman L F, Strauss J, Borgstedt A D, McBride M C, Loeb S
Psychology Department, University of Rochester, NY 14627.
Psychophysiology. 1990 May;27(3):328-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb00391.x.
This study compared the impact of methylphenidate on patients with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with and without aggressive/noncompliant features in an oddball test consisting of a randomly ordered series of loud (frequent) tones, soft (rare) tones, bright (frequent) lights, and dim (rare) lights. In alternate conditions, subjects were required to respond to either the rare tones or the rare lights. These tasks were administered in a drug-free baseline session and after a counterbalanced treatment of 14 days each of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/Kg b.i.d.) and placebo (lactose b.i.d.). In comparison with placebo, methylphenidate resulted in greater accuracy and speed of reactions to targets of both modalities. The amplitude of N1 to auditory nontargets was larger when the target was a rare tone as opposed to a rare light, and this attention-related effect was increased by methylphenidate. The same differential amplitude enhancement by stimulant treatment was found for an early area measure of difference ERPs. In contrast, for N1 to visual nontargets the effect of selective attention (larger amplitude when the target was a rare light vs. a rare tone) was not significant and was not affected by stimulant medication. All these findings were comparable for the three ADHD subgroups, a result attesting to the generality of stimulant effects on information processing.
本研究在一个包含随机排列的一系列大声（频繁）音调、轻柔（稀少）音调、明亮（频繁）灯光和昏暗（稀少）灯光的异常刺激测试中，比较了哌甲酯对伴有和不伴有攻击性行为/不依从特征的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者的影响。在交替条件下，受试者被要求对稀少音调或稀少灯光做出反应。这些任务在无药物的基线期以及在哌甲酯（0.3mg/Kg，每日两次）和安慰剂（乳糖，每日两次）各进行14天的平衡治疗后进行。与安慰剂相比，哌甲酯使对两种刺激方式目标的反应准确性和速度更高。当目标是稀少音调而非稀少灯光时，对听觉非目标的N1波幅更大，并且这种与注意力相关的效应因哌甲酯而增强。对于早期差异事件相关电位（ERP）区域测量，在兴奋剂治疗中也发现了相同的差异波幅增强。相比之下，对于视觉非目标的N1波，选择性注意力的效应（当目标是稀少灯光而非稀少音调时波幅更大）不显著，且不受兴奋剂药物影响。所有这些发现对于三个ADHD亚组都是可比的，这一结果证明了兴奋剂对信息处理影响的普遍性。
