Vié J C, De Thoisy B, Fournier P, Fournier-Chambrillon C, Genty C, Kéravec J
Programme Faune Sauvage, EDF/CNEH, Savoie Technolac, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France.
Am J Primatol. 1998;45(4):399-410. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:4<399::AID-AJP6>3.0.CO;2-R.
Wild red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) were translocated during the flooding of the forest at a hydroelectric dam site in French Guiana. For a variety of minor clinical procedures, 96 monkeys were anesthetized with various intramuscular injections of combinations of medetomidine and ketamine. The howler population was composed of healthy animals (42 males and 54 females) of various ages. Medetomidine (150 micrograms/kg) associated with ketamine (4 mg/kg) gave the best results and was used on 63 animals. The injection rapidly resulted in complete immobilization with good to excellent myorelaxation. The induction stage was quiet, with absence of both corneal and pedal withdrawal reflexes in 57 animals after 2.9 +/- 1.4 min. Six animals required an additional injection. Rectal temperature and respiratory and heart rates decreased during anesthesia, whereas relative oxyhemoglobin saturation increased. One death occurred during anesthesia. One abortion and one death also occurred the day following anesthesia but were more probably a result of capture stress. Atipamezole given i.m. at a dose of five times the medetomidine dose 38.4 +/- 8.0 min after the anesthetic injection led to standing recovery in 7.1 +/- 4.5 min. Spontaneous recovery occurred in 17 animals before the atipamezole injection after an average of 30.6 +/- 9.6 min. Total recovery time was shorter in young animals. Medetomidine/ketamine induced good myorelaxation and provided considerably shortened immobilization duration, which are two notable advantages for field studies. We recommend this association for short procedures including minor surgery in red howler monkeys.
在法属圭亚那一座水电大坝工地森林被洪水淹没期间，野生红吼猴（Alouatta seniculus）被转移。针对各种小型临床手术，96只猴子通过肌肉注射不同组合的美托咪定和氯胺酮进行麻醉。吼猴群体由不同年龄的健康动物组成（42只雄性和54只雌性）。美托咪定（150微克/千克）与氯胺酮（4毫克/千克）联合使用效果最佳，63只动物使用了该组合。注射后迅速导致完全麻痹，肌肉松弛良好至极佳。诱导期安静，2.9±1.4分钟后57只动物角膜反射和足趾反射消失。6只动物需要额外注射。麻醉期间直肠温度、呼吸和心率下降，而相对氧合血红蛋白饱和度增加。麻醉期间发生1例死亡。麻醉后一天还发生1例流产和1例死亡，但更可能是捕捉应激的结果。麻醉注射后38.4±8.0分钟，以美托咪定剂量五倍的剂量肌肉注射阿替美唑，7.1±4.5分钟后动物站立恢复。17只动物在注射阿替美唑前平均30.6±9.6分钟自发恢复。幼龄动物的总恢复时间较短。美托咪定/氯胺酮诱导良好的肌肉松弛，显著缩短麻痹持续时间，这是野外研究的两个显著优点。对于包括红吼猴小型手术在内的短时间手术，我们推荐这种联合用药。
