Tate M L, Anderson R M, McEwan K M, Goosen G J, Pearse A J
Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Acta Vet Hung. 1998;46(3):329-40.
Molecular methods which identify species-specific genetic markers are valuable for identification and genetic analysis of hybrid deer. We have used a variety of molecular techniques to compare Père David's deer Elaphurus davidianus, red deer Cervus elaphus scotticus and North American wapiti C. e. manatobensis. In total, these analyses have identifed over 300 markers in which Père David's deer sires are distinct from farmed red deer and over 100 markers in which wapiti sires differ from red deer. Subsets of these markers have been used to identify hybrids on farms, and to estimate the proportion of red deer and wapiti in hybrid animals. Analysis of the segregation of the species-specific alleles in 352 backcross 1/4 Père David's, 3/4 red deer hybrids has produced a deer genetic linkage map which describes the chromosomal grouping and order of the markers. Correlation of the variability in phenotypic traits with marker segregation in the back-cross hybrids has located genes which influence variation in gestation length, pedicle-initiation, birth weight, growth rate and a variety of morphological traits in Père David's deer x red deer hybrids. Such genetic analyses can now be extended, using new marker technologies, to more closely related taxa, such as farmed red deer and wapiti hybrids, and potentially analyse natural hybrid zones.
能够识别物种特异性遗传标记的分子方法，对于杂交鹿的鉴定和遗传分析具有重要价值。我们运用了多种分子技术，对麋鹿（Elaphurus davidianus）、苏格兰马鹿（Cervus elaphus scotticus）和北美马鹿（C. e. manatobensis）进行比较。总体而言，这些分析已鉴定出300多个标记，其中麋鹿的父系与养殖马鹿不同；还鉴定出100多个标记，其中北美马鹿的父系与马鹿不同。这些标记的子集已被用于识别养殖场中的杂交种，并估计杂交动物中马鹿和北美马鹿的比例。对352只1/4麋鹿、3/4马鹿回交杂种中物种特异性等位基因分离情况的分析，绘制出了一张鹿的遗传连锁图谱，该图谱描述了这些标记在染色体上的分组和顺序。通过对回交杂种中表型性状变异性与标记分离情况的相关性分析，已定位到影响麋鹿×马鹿杂种妊娠期长度、角柄起始、出生体重、生长速率以及多种形态性状变异的基因。现在，利用新的标记技术，此类遗传分析可以扩展到关系更为密切的分类群，如养殖马鹿和北美马鹿的杂种，并有可能对自然杂交区域进行分析。
