Kleim J A, Swain R A, Armstrong K A, Napper R M, Jones T A, Greenough W T
Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, Cell and Structural Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1998 May;69(3):274-89. doi: 10.1006/nlme.1998.3827.
Complex motor skill learning, but not mere motor activity, leads to an increase in synapse number within the cerebellar cortex. The present experiment used quantitative electron microscopy to determine which synapse types were altered in number. Adult female rats were allocated to either an acrobatic condition (AC), a voluntary exercise condition (VX), or an inactive condition (IC). AC animals were trained to traverse an elevated obstacle course requiring substantial motor coordination to complete. VX animals were housed with unlimited access to running wheels and IC animals received no motor training but were handled briefly each day. Results showed the AC animals to have significantly more parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses than both the VX and IC animals. No other synapse type was significantly altered. Thus, the learning-dependent increase in synapse number observed within the cerebellar cortex is accomplished primarily through the addition of parallel fiber synapses.
复杂运动技能的学习，而非单纯的运动活动，会导致小脑皮质内突触数量增加。本实验采用定量电子显微镜来确定哪些突触类型的数量发生了改变。成年雌性大鼠被分配到杂技条件组（AC）、自愿运动条件组（VX）或非活动条件组（IC）。AC组动物接受训练，穿越一个需要大量运动协调才能完成的高架障碍课程。VX组动物被安置在可无限制使用跑轮的环境中，IC组动物未接受运动训练，但每天会被短暂处理。结果显示，AC组动物的平行纤维与浦肯野细胞突触比VX组和IC组动物显著更多。没有其他突触类型发生显著改变。因此，在小脑皮质中观察到的依赖学习的突触数量增加主要是通过增加平行纤维突触来实现的。
