Rajeev B, Biswas J
Department of Ophthalmic Pathology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 1998 Mar;46(1):3-13.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid hybridization assays are recently introduced molecular techniques that allow for the identification of extremely small quantities of specific nucleic acids. These techniques have significant advantages over more conventional laboratory techniques, but also have some limitations. They are bound to have tremendous potential in diagnostic ophthalmic pathology and also in investigative pathology for deciphering the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Despite their increased sensitivity and specificity, the results will still have to be co-related with clinical findings for maximum impact. For an ophthalmologist to derive maximum benefit, knowledge of these techniques, and their advantages, and limitations is essential. This article describes the basic concepts of molecular biology and the techniques of PCR, nucleic acid hybridization, and immunohistochemistry.
聚合酶链反应（PCR）和核酸杂交检测是最近引入的分子技术，可用于鉴定极少量的特定核酸。这些技术比传统实验室技术具有显著优势，但也存在一些局限性。它们在眼科诊断病理学以及用于解读眼部疾病病理生理学的研究病理学中必然具有巨大潜力。尽管它们的敏感性和特异性有所提高，但为了获得最大影响，结果仍必须与临床发现相关联。对于眼科医生而言，要获得最大益处，了解这些技术及其优势和局限性至关重要。本文介绍了分子生物学的基本概念以及PCR、核酸杂交和免疫组织化学技术。
