Sonuga-Barke E J, Saxton T, Hall M
Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK.
Behav Brain Res. 1998 Jul;94(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00168-x.
The relationship between response inhibition and time estimation abilities was investigated in a group of hyperactive and non-hyperactive children. Children performed a discrete trials intertemporal response task under two conditions. Under both conditions children had to respond within a 2 s window, which was delayed for a set period (either 5 or 15 s). In condition one (signalled condition), these response requirements were signalled by changes in the expression of a face drawn on a computer screen. In condition two (unsignalled condition), always presented on the trial following the signalled condition, these changes in expression were obscured by a hand drawn over the mouth of the face so that effective performance depended on the childs ability to estimate the point at which the facial expression changed on the preceding trial. Both groups of children had little difficulty inhibiting responses when the response requirements were signalled. All children made far more errors under the unsignalled condition. Hyperactive children displayed a systematic tendency to respond before the response window occurred. Taken together, these data give no support to the idea that hyperactivity is essentially a problem of disinhibition and raise interesting questions about the role of time mis-estimation in the disorder.
研究人员对一组多动和非多动儿童的反应抑制与时间估计能力之间的关系进行了调查。儿童在两种条件下执行离散试验跨期反应任务。在两种条件下，儿童都必须在2秒的窗口内做出反应，该窗口会延迟一段设定的时间（5秒或15秒）。在条件一（有信号条件）下，这些反应要求通过电脑屏幕上绘制的面部表情变化来发出信号。在条件二（无信号条件）下，总是在有信号条件后的试验中呈现，面部表情的这些变化被一只手遮住嘴巴而掩盖，因此有效表现取决于儿童估计在前一次试验中面部表情变化点的能力。当反应要求有信号时，两组儿童在抑制反应方面都没有困难。所有儿童在无信号条件下犯的错误要多得多。多动儿童表现出一种系统性倾向，即在反应窗口出现之前就做出反应。综上所述，这些数据不支持多动本质上是抑制障碍问题的观点，并引发了关于时间错误估计在该障碍中作用的有趣问题。
