Energetics of permeation of thin lipid membranes by ions.

The energy of an ion in a thin hydrocarbon membrane relative to its energy in a bulk aqueous phase is considered in terms of the electrostatic and surface components that may be expected to be involved. Except when diffusion activation energies are large compared to partition free energies, the latter will control permeation rate and the state of an ion having the lowest partition energy will be critical for its permeability. This minimum is found when an ion is surrounded with a thin layer of water. All ions of the same charge will tend to be at their lowest state in a sphere of water of the same size. It is concluded, therefore, that all ions of a given charge will have about the same permeability in lipid membranes.