Abantanga F A, Mock C N
Department of Surgery, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Pediatr Surg Int. 1998 Sep;13(7):515-8. doi: 10.1007/s003830050387.
To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any recent available study of trauma-related hospitalisation of paediatric patients in an urban area of the sub-Saharan countries. Accidental injury, especially among children, has become one of the most serious major health problems facing developing countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. We reviewed 677 children admitted to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, from August 1995 to July 1996 to elicit the incidence of various injuries, causes, rates of injury, and survival of children aged 0 to 14 years who had sustained trauma during this period. The most common mechanisms of injury were pedestrian knockdowns (40.0%), falls (27. 2%), and burns (17.6%). The annual rate of injury was 230/100000 children. Boys sustained higher injury rates in all age groups than girls, with an overall rate of, 136/100000 children as compared to 92/100000 for girls. Rates of injury were higher for children over 5 years of age in six of the seven specific causes of injury studied. When analysing the region of principal injury, for severe injuries (abbreviated injury scale 3-5) the extremities suffered most, followed by the skin and head. There was increased mortality for patients with an injury severity score >20. The overall mortality for this study was 5.5%. There is, therefore, a need to establish prevention priorities and to design effective prevention strategies for children of school-going age, who are most at risk of sustaining trauma.
据我们所知，撒哈拉以南非洲国家城市地区尚未有关于儿科患者创伤相关住院情况的近期研究。意外伤害，尤其是儿童意外伤害，已成为包括撒哈拉以南非洲国家在内的发展中国家面临的最严重的主要健康问题之一。我们回顾了1995年8月至1996年7月期间入住加纳库马西Komfo Anokye教学医院的677名儿童，以了解0至14岁在此期间遭受创伤的儿童各种损伤的发生率、原因、损伤率和存活率。最常见的受伤机制是行人被撞倒（40.0%）、跌倒（27.2%）和烧伤（17.6%）。年损伤率为230/100000儿童。在所有年龄组中，男孩的损伤率均高于女孩，总体损伤率为136/100000儿童，而女孩为92/100000。在所研究的七种特定损伤原因中的六种中，5岁以上儿童的损伤率更高。在分析主要损伤部位时，对于重伤（简明损伤分级3 - 5级），四肢受影响最大，其次是皮肤和头部。损伤严重程度评分>20的患者死亡率增加。本研究的总体死亡率为5.5%。因此，有必要为最易遭受创伤的学龄儿童确定预防重点并设计有效的预防策略。
