Trottier T M, Armstrong J B
Genetics. 1976 Aug;83(4):783-92. doi: 10.1093/genetics/83.4.783.
Gynogenetic diploid axolotls were produced by activating eggs with ultraviolet-inactivated sperm, and then subjecting the activated eggs to heat shock. Optimal conditions for ultraviolet inactivation of the sperm, and for suppression of the second meiotic division by heat shock, were established. Gynogenetic diploids produced by these procedures included progeny homozygous for recessive alleles carried by a heterozygous mother. Gynogenesis could, therefore, be used to uncover new mutations more rapidly than by conventional inbreeding techniques. However, some difficulty was encountered in recognizing mutant phenotypes because of the high incidence of abnormalities and deaths. Defective embryos probably resulted from a combination of heat-shock-induced damage to the eggs and the expression of deleterious recessive alleles carried by the mother.
雌核发育二倍体美西螈是通过用紫外线灭活的精子激活卵子，然后对激活的卵子进行热休克处理而产生的。确定了精子紫外线灭活以及热休克抑制第二次减数分裂的最佳条件。通过这些程序产生的雌核发育二倍体包括杂合子母亲携带的隐性等位基因纯合的后代。因此，与传统的近亲繁殖技术相比，雌核发育可用于更快地发现新突变。然而，由于异常和死亡的发生率很高，在识别突变表型方面遇到了一些困难。有缺陷的胚胎可能是由热休克对卵子造成的损伤以及母亲携带的有害隐性等位基因的表达共同导致的。
