Andersson L M, Fredman P, Lekman A, Rosengren L, Gisslén M
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg University, Sweden.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1998 Aug 10;14(12):1065-9. doi: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1065.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) invades the central nervous system (CNS) early in the infectious course. The predominant, productively infected cell type within the CNS is the microglial cell. We have analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the ganglioside GD3, a microglia/macrophage and astrocyte marker, in 22 HIV-1-infected individuals at different stages of the disease, and in 44 age-matched HIV-negative, healthy controls. To distinguish between microglial/macrophage and astroglial involvement, the GD3 levels were compared with CSF levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), which is expressed exclusively in astrocytes. A significantly higher mean CSF concentration of GD3 was found in HIV-1-infected patients compared to controls (56.7 and 40.1 nmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001). Seven of 22 HIV-1-infected patients had increased CSF levels of GD3 (above mean + 2 SD in controls), all but one of these had normal levels of GFAp, indicating a microglial activation or proliferation as the major source of the increased GD3 levels.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）在感染过程早期就会侵入中枢神经系统（CNS）。中枢神经系统中主要的、有病毒复制的感染细胞类型是小胶质细胞。我们分析了22名处于疾病不同阶段的HIV-1感染者以及44名年龄匹配的HIV阴性健康对照者脑脊液（CSF）中神经节苷脂GD3的水平，GD3是小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞的标志物。为了区分小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞的参与情况，将GD3水平与仅在星形胶质细胞中表达的胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAp）的脑脊液水平进行了比较。与对照组相比，HIV-1感染者脑脊液中GD3的平均浓度显著更高（分别为56.7和40.1 nmol/L，p < 0.001）。22名HIV-1感染者中有7人脑脊液中GD3水平升高（高于对照组均值 + 2标准差），其中除1人外，其余所有人的GFAp水平均正常，这表明小胶质细胞激活或增殖是GD3水平升高的主要来源。
