Rund B R
Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Schizophr Bull. 1998;24(3):425-35. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033337.
Even though the idea that schizophrenia is a neurobehavioral syndrome has become a mainstream position, there is no consensus on the precise nature of the cognitive and neuropsychological impairment. Research on cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia has been directed toward discriminating stable dysfunctions (traits) from symptom-linked (state) deficits. A longitudinal study design is the only one that can provide answers to the question of the stability of psychological functions. This article reviews 15 studies with a followup of at least a year. The main conclusion drawn from these studies is that after the onset of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits are relatively stable over long periods. No support for a decline in cognitive functions is found. Thus, schizophrenia does not appear to be a degenerative process, but rather a static encephalopathy. Whether or not the cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia can be remediated is still an open question that needs to be examined.
尽管精神分裂症是一种神经行为综合征的观点已成为主流观点，但对于认知和神经心理损伤的确切性质尚无共识。对精神分裂症认知功能障碍的研究一直致力于区分稳定的功能障碍（特质）和与症状相关的（状态）缺陷。纵向研究设计是唯一能够回答心理功能稳定性问题的方法。本文回顾了15项随访时间至少为一年的研究。从这些研究中得出的主要结论是，精神分裂症发病后，认知缺陷在很长一段时间内相对稳定。未发现认知功能下降的证据。因此，精神分裂症似乎不是一个退行性过程，而是一种静态脑病。精神分裂症中发现的认知缺陷是否可以得到纠正仍是一个有待研究的开放性问题。
