Toomey T L, Kilian G R, Gehan J P, Perry C L, Jones-Webb R, Wagenaar A C
Div. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA.
Public Health Rep. 1998 Mar-Apr;113(2):162-9.
In an attempt to reduce the societal burden associated with alcohol-related problems such as underage drinking and drunk driving, some local communities and state governments mandate training programs for employees of establishments that serve or sell alcoholic beverages. This study was designed to assess the available training programs for employees and managers and to identify states that either mandate training programs or encourage them by reducing establishments' legal liability.
Training programs were identified through the Internet, key informants, and the research literature. Three researchers independently rated each of 22 local and national programs across 10 categories. In addition, the authors surveyed alcoholic beverage control agencies and legislative research bureaus in the 50 U.S. states.
The results show that training programs are not standardized and vary widely in content, use of behavior change methods, and production quality. Most programs targeted waitstaff and bartenders. Only one program exclusively targeted owners and managers.
National standards must be developed for training programs for servers, managers, and owners.
为了减轻与诸如未成年人饮酒和酒后驾车等酒精相关问题相关的社会负担，一些当地社区和州政府要求为提供或销售酒精饮料的场所的员工开展培训项目。本研究旨在评估面向员工和管理人员的现有培训项目，并确定那些强制要求培训项目或通过减轻场所的法律责任来鼓励开展培训项目的州。
通过互联网、关键信息提供者和研究文献来确定培训项目。三位研究人员独立地对22个地方和全国性项目在10个类别上进行评分。此外，作者对美国50个州的酒精饮料管制机构和立法研究局进行了调查。
结果表明，培训项目没有标准化，在内容、行为改变方法的使用和制作质量方面差异很大。大多数项目针对服务员和调酒师。只有一个项目专门针对业主和管理人员。
必须为服务员、经理和业主的培训项目制定国家标准。
