Chaloryoo S, Chotpitayasunondh T, Chiengmai P N
Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1998 Jul 10;44(2):103-7. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5876(98)00032-9.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. By the end of 1995, 800,000 HIV infected persons were suspected in Thailand, although the reported number of symptomatic HIV patients was only 13,267 and the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was 31,439. Approximately 5.2% of AIDS patients are cases of paediatric AIDS, contracted mostly by perinatal transmission and with a 25% vertical transmission rate. In a study of paediatric AIDS patients in the Children's Hospital, Thailand, from 1992 to 1995, the five most common clinical manifestations were hepatosplenomegaly (82.85%), persistent pneumonia (64.4%), oral candidiasis (59.6%), chronic diarrhoea (58.4%) and failure to thrive (51.2%). In addition to oral candidiasis, other ENT (ear nose-throat) presentations were lymphadenopathy (41.6%), repeated upper respiratory tract infection (39.5%), otitis media (18.4%), parotitis (5.2%) and sinusitis (0.8%).
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染是世界上传播最为广泛的疾病之一。截至1995年底，泰国疑似有80万HIV感染者，尽管报告的有症状HIV患者数量仅为13267例，获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）病例数为31439例。约5.2%的艾滋病患者为儿童艾滋病病例，主要通过围产期传播感染，垂直传播率为25%。在一项对1992年至1995年泰国儿童医院儿童艾滋病患者的研究中，五种最常见的临床表现为肝脾肿大（82.85%）、持续性肺炎（64.4%）、口腔念珠菌病（59.6%）、慢性腹泻（58.4%）和发育不良（51.2%）。除口腔念珠菌病外，其他耳鼻喉（ENT）表现包括淋巴结病（41.6%）、反复上呼吸道感染（39.5%）、中耳炎（18.4%）、腮腺炎（5.2%）和鼻窦炎（0.8%）。
