Postural reactions induced by vertical motion of visual scenes and the effects of weightlessness.

Postural reactions induced by vertical optokinetic stimulation were recorded for 5 subjects in a ground-based study, and for one astronaut before, during, and after a 25-day spaceflight. On the ground, the amplitude of visually-induced postural reactions generally increased with stimulus velocity and saturated around 60 degrees/s, with an angle of body tilt which never exceeded 2-3 degrees. For velocities higher than 20 degrees/s, backward body tilt during upgoing optokinetic stimulation was larger than forward body tilt during downgoing stimulation. In weightlessness, the angle of body tilt was reduced compared to ground values, but after the flight the postural reactions were larger than before the flight. If the limited angle of body tilt on Earth is due to an inhibition from the graviceptive inputs which do not confirm the visual inputs, the larger angle of tilt might reflect that this inhibition was less effective after spaceflight. This ineffectiveness might reflect a confusion between body tilt and translation as the result of adaptation to weightlessness.