Ong S T, Le Beau M M
Section of Hematology/Oncology, and the Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Semin Oncol. 1998 Aug;25(4):447-60.
A number of recurring cytogenetic abnormalities have been identified in lymphomas that correlate with clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features. For example, the t(14;18) is observed in a high proportion of follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas, most patients with translocations involving 3q27 have diffuse large cell lymphomas (B cell), and patients with a t(8;14) have either small noncleaved cell or diffuse large cell lymphomas. In contrast, a large proportion of neoplasms of T-cell origin are characterized by rearrangements that involve 14q11, 7q34-35, or 7p15. Molecular analysis of many of the recurring chromosomal translocations in lymphomas has resulted in the identification of the involved genes. Alterations in expression of these genes or in the production of an altered protein resulting from the rearrangement play an integral role in malignant transformation. In addition to chromosomal abnormalities, other types of mutations affecting oncogenes have been identified in lymphomas. This article reviews the genetic mutations involved in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with an emphasis on chromosomal abnormalities.
在淋巴瘤中已鉴定出一些反复出现的细胞遗传学异常，这些异常与临床、形态学和免疫表型特征相关。例如，在高比例的滤泡性小裂细胞淋巴瘤中观察到t(14;18)，大多数涉及3q27易位的患者患有弥漫性大细胞淋巴瘤（B细胞），而患有t(8;14)的患者患有小无裂细胞淋巴瘤或弥漫性大细胞淋巴瘤。相比之下，很大一部分T细胞起源的肿瘤的特征是涉及14q11、7q34 - 35或7p15的重排。对淋巴瘤中许多反复出现的染色体易位进行分子分析已导致所涉及基因的鉴定。这些基因表达的改变或重排导致的异常蛋白质的产生在恶性转化中起着不可或缺的作用。除了染色体异常外，在淋巴瘤中还鉴定出了影响癌基因的其他类型的突变。本文综述了非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）发病机制中涉及的基因突变，重点是染色体异常。
