Amend J P, Shock E L
Group Exploring Organic Processes in Geochemistry (GEOPIG), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1659-62. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5383.1659.
Thermodynamic calculations showed that the autotrophic synthesis of all 20 protein-forming amino acids was energetically favored in hot (100 degrees C), moderately reduced, submarine hydrothermal solutions relative to the synthesis in cold (18 degrees C), oxidized, surface seawater. The net synthesis reactions of 11 amino acids were exergonic in the hydrothermal solution, but all were endergonic in surface seawater. The synthesis of the requisite amino acids of nine thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins in a 100 degreesC hydrothermal solution yielded between 600 and 8000 kilojoules per mole of protein, which is energy that is available to drive the intracellular synthesis of enzymes and other biopolymers in hyperthermophiles thriving in these ecosystems.
热力学计算表明，相对于在寒冷（18摄氏度）、氧化的表层海水中的合成过程，在炎热（100摄氏度）、适度还原的海底热液溶液中，20种构成蛋白质的氨基酸的自养合成在能量上更具优势。11种氨基酸的净合成反应在热液溶液中是放能的，但在表层海水中都是吸能的。在100摄氏度的热液溶液中合成9种嗜热和超嗜热蛋白质所需的氨基酸，每摩尔蛋白质产生600至8000千焦的能量，这些能量可用于驱动在这些生态系统中繁盛的超嗜热生物体内酶和其他生物聚合物的细胞内合成。
