Bowmer C T, Hooftman R N, Hanstveit A O, Venderbosch P W, van der Hoeven N
Department of Environmental Toxicology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Delft, The Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 1998 Sep;37(7):1317-33. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00116-7.
The ecotoxicity of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and selected metal salts was studied experimentally with the micro alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the fish species Brachydanio rerio and Pimephales promelas. In addition, the biodegradation of lactate esters was also studied. The aim of the study was to provide predicted environmental data for additional alkyl homologues and metal salts. The ecotoxicity data are evaluated by means of Structure Activity Relations (SAR), using literature data on a non-polar narcotic mechanism of toxicity as a baseline for comparison. Lactate salts were evaluated by comparison to the toxicity of the metal ion. For the fish and D. magna, it was evident that methyl, ethyl, propyl and to a lesser extent butyl lactate were slightly more toxic in comparison to baseline non-polar narcotic toxicity data. The toxicity tests carried out with lactate-salts demonstrated clearly that the toxicity in standard tests is only determined by the associated cation and not by the lactate part. Lactic acid and its alkyl esters were degraded for more than 60% in the ready biodegradability tests and from the data presented, it is evident that the majority of alkyl lactates are readily biodegradable. The results presented in this study indicate that alkyl lactate esters show some differences in their ecotoxicity when compared to non polar narcotic compounds in but that these differences are generally small. When aquatic toxicity is considered together with their rapid tendency to biodegrade, it is concluded that lactate esters show generally favourable environmental characteristics.
使用微藻羊角月牙藻、甲壳动物大型溞以及鱼类斑马鱼和黑头软口鲦对乳酸、其烷基酯和选定的金属盐的生态毒性进行了实验研究。此外，还研究了乳酸酯的生物降解。该研究的目的是为其他烷基同系物和金属盐提供预测的环境数据。利用关于非极性麻醉毒性机制的文献数据作为比较基线，通过结构活性关系（SAR）对生态毒性数据进行评估。通过与金属离子的毒性进行比较来评估乳酸盐。对于鱼类和大型溞，很明显，与基线非极性麻醉毒性数据相比，甲基、乙基、丙基乳酸酯以及在较小程度上丁基乳酸酯的毒性略高。用乳酸盐进行的毒性试验清楚地表明，标准试验中的毒性仅由相关阳离子决定，而不是由乳酸部分决定。在简易生物降解试验中，乳酸及其烷基酯的降解率超过60%，从所提供的数据来看，很明显大多数烷基乳酸酯易于生物降解。本研究中呈现的结果表明，与非极性麻醉化合物相比，烷基乳酸酯在生态毒性方面存在一些差异，但这些差异通常较小。当将水生毒性与其快速的生物降解趋势一起考虑时，可以得出结论，乳酸酯总体上具有良好的环境特性。
