心血管疾病死亡率性别差异的发展：历史视角
The development of sex differences in cardiovascular disease mortality: a historical perspective.
作者信息
Nikiforov S V, Mamaev V B
机构信息
Division of Environmental Health Science, Columbia Unviersity School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1998 Sep;88(9):1348-53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.9.1348.
OBJECTIVES
Little is known about why males have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates than do females. An important factor that has hampered efforts in this regard is the lack of clarity about whether male excess mortality from CVD has existed throughout history. To answer this question, an investigation was conducted of trends in CVD mortality differences between the sexes from the time when data first became available until the present, including the full range of age groups.
METHODS
Mortality statistics for CVD in England and Wales from 1861 through 1992 and in the United States from 1900 through 1991 were used.
RESULTS
Three stages in the relationship between male and female CVD mortality were found: (1) An early stage of equal male and female mortality, (2) a stage of the appearance of sex differences in mortality, and (3) a stage with consistently present male excess mortality.
CONCLUSION
Male excess mortality from CVD has not always been present in the historical record. Further research is needed to elucidate the causes of this excess mortality.
目的
关于男性心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率高于女性的原因，人们了解甚少。在这方面阻碍研究进展的一个重要因素是，对于CVD导致的男性超额死亡率在历史上是否一直存在并不明确。为回答这个问题，我们对从有数据记录之初到现在不同性别CVD死亡率差异的趋势进行了调查，涵盖了所有年龄组。
方法
使用了1861年至1992年英格兰和威尔士以及1900年至1991年美国的CVD死亡率统计数据。
结果
发现男性和女性CVD死亡率之间存在三个阶段：（1）男女死亡率相等的早期阶段；（2）死亡率出现性别差异的阶段；（3）男性持续存在超额死亡率的阶段。
结论
CVD导致的男性超额死亡率在历史记录中并非一直存在。需要进一步研究以阐明这种超额死亡率的原因。
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