Kimberlin D F, Andrews W W
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233-7333, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 1998 Aug;22(4):242-50. doi: 10.1016/s0146-0005(98)80012-8.
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common lower genital tract infection encountered among women of reproductive age. This condition can best be considered as a vaginal syndrome associated with an alteration of the normal vaginal flora rather than an infection specific to any one microorganism. Bacterial vaginosis is a clinical condition with a complex microbiology that is characterized by a reduced concentration of a normally abundant Lactobacillus species along with high concentrations of gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria, particularly, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Mycoplasma species. The exact make up of the microorganisms and their relative concentration vary among women who have this condition. Although it was previously regarded as a harmless condition, recent work has linked bacterial vaginosis to numerous upper genital tract complications such as preterm labor and preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, chorioamnionitis, and postpartum endometritis. The findings from recent prospective randomized trials suggest that treatment of bacterial vaginosis in certain women who are at high risk for preterm delivery decreases the rate of preterm birth.
细菌性阴道病是育龄期女性最常见的下生殖道感染。这种情况最好被视为一种与正常阴道菌群改变相关的阴道综合征，而非特定于任何一种微生物的感染。细菌性阴道病是一种临床病症，其微生物学情况复杂，特征是正常数量丰富的乳酸杆菌种类浓度降低，同时革兰氏阴性菌和厌氧菌浓度升高，尤其是阴道加德纳菌、动弯杆菌、拟杆菌、普雷沃菌和支原体属。患有这种病症的女性，其微生物的确切组成及其相对浓度各不相同。尽管它以前被认为是一种无害病症，但最近的研究已将细菌性阴道病与许多上生殖道并发症联系起来，如早产和早产分娩、胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎和产后子宫内膜炎。最近前瞻性随机试验的结果表明，对某些有早产高风险的女性进行细菌性阴道病治疗可降低早产率。
