Collier K, Kotranski L, Semaan S, Lauby J, Halbert J, Feighan K
Philadelphia Health Management Corporation, Pennsylvania, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1998 Aug;24(3):377-93. doi: 10.3109/00952999809016904.
This study: 1) examined the rate and correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity; and 2) assessed whether self-selection in HIV testing influenced the rate and correlates of HIV seropositivity in a group of out-of-treatment drug users. Data were collected from 856 out-of-treatment drug users in Philadelphia between January 1993 and August 1994. Seventy-four percent of the sample elected to take an HIV test that was included in the project in which the drug users were enrolled, and of these, 11% were HIV positive. Multivariate analyses indicated that those who were younger, those who had an injection-drug-using sex partner, and those who reported no recent sexual activity were more likely to be HIV positive. An examination of the multivariate correlates of HIV testing indicated that subjects who took an HIV test had higher rates of participation in some risk behaviors than did subjects who did not take an HIV test, but lower rates for other risk behaviors. None of the correlates of HIV seropositivity were correlates of HIV testing. Although the generalizability of the HIV seroprevalence rate is unclear, it is probable that the correlates of HIV seropositivity are generalizable to the total sample. The results of this study indicate the importance of interventions that target sexual risk behavior among out-of-treatment drug users, and of assessing the impact of self-selection bias whenever the rate and correlates of HIV seropositivity are examined.
1）调查了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清阳性率及其相关因素；2）评估了在一组戒毒者中，HIV检测的自我选择是否会影响HIV血清阳性率及其相关因素。1993年1月至1994年8月期间，从费城的856名戒毒者中收集了数据。样本中有74%的人选择参加该戒毒者所参与项目中包含的HIV检测，其中11%为HIV阳性。多变量分析表明，年龄较小者、有注射吸毒性伴侣者以及近期无性行为者更有可能感染HIV。对HIV检测的多变量相关因素进行的一项调查显示，与未进行HIV检测的受试者相比，进行HIV检测的受试者参与某些风险行为的比例更高，但参与其他风险行为的比例更低。HIV血清阳性的相关因素与HIV检测的相关因素均不相同。尽管HIV血清阳性率的普遍性尚不清楚，但HIV血清阳性的相关因素很可能适用于整个样本。本研究结果表明，针对戒毒者中性风险行为的干预措施以及在研究HIV血清阳性率及其相关因素时评估自我选择偏差影响的重要性。
