Richardson J T
Br J Psychol. 1976 Aug;67(3):315-25. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1976.tb01518.x.
This experiment investigated the properties affecting the time taken to read individual words and to discriminate between words and non-words. The number of letters in a word was found to affect the time taken to read it aloud, but not the time taken to discriminate it from non-words. The frequency of a word affected the time for discrimination, but not that for reading. Non-words which obeyed the rules of English orthography and phonology were more difficult to discriminate from words than those which violated those rules. Imageability, concreteness, and the number of syllables in a word were found not to affect performance, nor were derived nouns more difficult to process than simple nouns. It is suggested that reading aloud employs grapheme-phoneme translation based upon a letter-by-letter analysis of the stimulus: that discriminating words from non-words obeying the rules of English orthography and phonology employs a search of the lexicon based upon a holistic analysis of the stimulus; and that discriminating words from non-words violating those rules employs a direct test of the regularity of the stimulus based upon the combinatory rules of English orthography.
本实验研究了影响阅读单个单词以及区分单词和非单词所需时间的各种特性。研究发现，单词中的字母数量会影响大声朗读该单词所需的时间，但不影响将其与非单词区分开来所需的时间。单词的频率会影响区分所需的时间，但不影响阅读所需的时间。遵循英语拼写和语音规则的非单词比违反这些规则的非单词更难与单词区分开来。研究发现，单词的可想象性、具体性和音节数量均不影响表现，派生词也并不比简单名词更难处理。研究表明，大声朗读是基于对刺激的逐字母分析进行字形-音素转换；将遵循英语拼写和语音规则的单词与非单词区分开来是基于对刺激的整体分析在词汇表中进行搜索；而将违反这些规则的单词与非单词区分开来则是基于英语拼写的组合规则对刺激的规律性进行直接测试。
