MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Sep 11;47(35):737-40.
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) causes a variety of severe clinical illnesses including meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and septic arthritis. In the prevaccine era (i.e., before 1988), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) caused approximately 95% of the Hi invasive disease among children aged <5 years. In 1988, Hib conjugate vaccines were introduced for use among children aged 18 months-5 years; they were subsequently recommended for routine use in infants by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 1990. During 1989-1995, Hib invasive disease among children aged <5 years declined 95% nationally. To document the decline of Hib invasive disease and to examine the epidemiology of reported nontype b Hi invasive disease among children aged <5 years, CDC, in collaboration with the California Department of Health Services, analyzed reported cases in California from 1990 to 1996. This report summarizes the results of the analysis and documents the decline of Hib without an increase of nontype b Hi invasive disease among children aged <5 years.
流感嗜血杆菌（Hi）可引发多种严重临床疾病，包括脑膜炎、肺炎、会厌炎和化脓性关节炎。在疫苗接种前时代（即1988年之前），b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）导致了5岁以下儿童中约95%的Hi侵袭性疾病。1988年，Hib结合疫苗开始在18个月至5岁的儿童中使用；随后，免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）于1990年建议在婴儿中常规使用。在1989 - 1995年期间，全国5岁以下儿童中的Hib侵袭性疾病下降了95%。为记录Hib侵袭性疾病的下降情况，并研究5岁以下儿童中报告的非b型Hi侵袭性疾病的流行病学，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）与加利福尼亚州卫生服务部合作，分析了1990年至1996年加利福尼亚州报告的病例。本报告总结了分析结果，并记录了Hib的下降情况，同时5岁以下儿童中非b型Hi侵袭性疾病并未增加。
