MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Mar 4;43(8):144-8.
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) causes disease among persons in all age groups, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis among children in the United States. Since the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines in 1988, the incidence of invasive Hib infections in the United States has declined among infants and children. Hib disease among children aged < 5 years is now included in the list of vaccine-preventable diseases targeted for elimination in the United States by 1996. Because Hi disease rates are generally higher for blacks than for whites, incidence rates are race-adjusted; race most likely reflects differing distributions of socioeconomic risk factors for Hi disease (e.g., household crowding) that may account for the variance in incidence rates. This report summarizes race-adjusted provisional data about trends in invasive Hi disease from two separate surveillance systems and emphasizes the need for early identification, investigation, and reporting of Hi cases.
流感嗜血杆菌（Hi）可导致各年龄组人群患病，b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）曾是美国儿童细菌性脑膜炎的最常见病因。自1988年引入Hib结合疫苗以来，美国婴幼儿侵袭性Hib感染的发病率有所下降。5岁以下儿童的Hib疾病现已被列入到美国计划于1996年消除的疫苗可预防疾病名单中。由于黑人的Hi疾病发病率通常高于白人，因此发病率数据进行了种族调整；种族差异很可能反映了Hi疾病社会经济风险因素（如家庭拥挤）的不同分布情况，这可能是发病率存在差异的原因。本报告总结了来自两个独立监测系统的种族调整后侵袭性Hi疾病趋势的临时数据，并强调了对Hi病例进行早期识别、调查和报告的必要性。
