Dodson C S, Holland P W, Shimamura A P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1998 Sep;24(5):1121-36. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.24.5.1121.
Memory judgments can be based on information that is more or less specific with respect to the source of an item. The authors introduce a procedure and multinomial model for measuring specific- and partial-source information. In 2 experiments, participants heard words spoken by 4 different voices: 2 male voices and 2 female voices. During the test, participants were required to remember who spoke the test items (e.g., Male 1, Male 2, Female 1, Female 2, or new word). Participants often remembered information about the gender of the source (i.e., partial-source information) when they did not remember information that identified the source itself (i.e., specific-source information). Dividing attention during retrieval impaired participants' memory for specific-source information (i.e., voice information) but did not affect memory for partial-source information (i.e., gender information).
记忆判断可以基于与项目来源或多或少相关的信息。作者介绍了一种用于测量特定来源和部分来源信息的程序和多项式模型。在两项实验中，参与者听到了4种不同声音说出的单词：2名男性声音和2名女性声音。在测试过程中，要求参与者记住是谁说出了测试项目（例如，男性1、男性2、女性1、女性2或新单词）。当参与者不记得能够识别来源本身的信息（即特定来源信息）时，他们通常会记住关于来源性别的信息（即部分来源信息）。检索过程中分散注意力会损害参与者对特定来源信息（即声音信息）的记忆，但不会影响对部分来源信息（即性别信息）的记忆。
