Pelech L, Roth Z, Zvadová Z
Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha.
Cas Lek Cesk. 1998 Aug 3;137(15):460-3.
The accident rate in the population, especially injuries to children and youths are in the forefront of attention in all the industrialized countries. The reason is that accidents are the main cause of all deaths in children of over one year of age and in adolescents and accident-linked morbidity in children is second only to diseases of the respiratory tract. The aim of the study was to obtain more exact data than those that were available in the Czech Republic previously and to create conditions for a draft of preventive measures that would bring rapid and effective results.
The accident rate in children has been followed up in all age groups attending elementary school. The basic series was comprised of 192,832 children 6.0 to 15.11 years old. An accident was registered in 31 550 pupils. Registered were all accidents by the children in the course of one calendar year and had been treated by a physician. There has been found a statistically highly significant greater total accident rate in boys (18.7%) than in girls (13.9%) by the chi-square test P = 0.00001 at P < 0.05. The most frequent of injuries were fractures, dislocation of joints (55.2%) with girls being affected more frequently than boys. Most frequently the accidents took place at school (25.0%) and at home (21.5%). The greatest number of accidents took place during physical education and organized sports (29.4%) and during games unorganized sports (28.6%). A relatively large number of injuries was sustained in conflicts with a schoolmate (7.4%).
Much greater attention should be devoted to the prevention of injuries in children, namely at home and at school, because it is not only a health problem that is in question, but also a social and economic one. Abroad, annual losses are estimated at thousands of millions of USD.
在所有工业化国家，人口中的事故发生率，尤其是儿童和青少年的受伤情况备受关注。原因在于事故是一岁以上儿童和青少年所有死亡的主要原因，且儿童与事故相关的发病率仅次于呼吸道疾病。本研究的目的是获取比捷克共和国此前可得数据更精确的数据，并为能带来快速有效结果的预防措施草案创造条件。
对所有就读小学的各年龄组儿童的事故发生率进行了跟踪。基础样本包括192,832名6.0至15.11岁的儿童。31,550名学生登记发生了事故。登记的是儿童在一个日历年期间发生且由医生治疗的所有事故。通过卡方检验发现，男孩的总事故发生率（18.7%）在统计学上显著高于女孩（13.9%），P = 0.00001，P < 0.05。最常见的损伤是骨折、关节脱位（55.2%），女孩受影响的频率高于男孩。事故最常发生在学校（25.0%）和家中（21.5%）。事故发生最多的是在体育课和有组织的体育活动期间（29.4%）以及无组织的体育游戏期间（28.6%）。在与同学冲突中受伤的人数相对较多（7.4%）。
应更加重视儿童伤害的预防，尤其是在家庭和学校，因为这不仅是一个健康问题，也是一个社会和经济问题。在国外，年度损失估计达数十亿美元。
