Szebenyi G, Fallon J F
Anatomy Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
Int Rev Cytol. 1999;185:45-106. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60149-7.
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family consists of at least 15 structurally related polypeptide growth factors. Their expression is controlled at the levels of transcription, mRNA stability, and translation. The bioavailability of FGFs is further modulated by posttranslational processing and regulated protein trafficking. FGFs bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs), heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), and a cysteine-rich FGF receptor (CFR). FGFRs are required for most biological activities of FGFs. HSPGs alter FGF-FGFR interactions and CFR participates in FGF intracellular transport. FGF signaling pathways are intricate and are intertwined with insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, bone morphogenetic protein, and vertebrate homologs of Drosophila wingless activated pathways. FGFs are major regulators of embryonic development: They influence the formation of the primary body axis, neural axis, limbs, and other structures. The activities of FGFs depend on their coordination of fundamental cellular functions, such as survival, replication, differentiation, adhesion, and motility, through effects on gene expression and the cytoskeleton.
成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）家族由至少15种结构相关的多肽生长因子组成。它们的表达在转录、mRNA稳定性和翻译水平上受到调控。FGF的生物利用度还受到翻译后加工和调节性蛋白质运输的进一步调节。FGF与受体酪氨酸激酶（FGFR）、硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖（HSPG）和富含半胱氨酸的FGF受体（CFR）结合。FGFR是FGF大多数生物学活性所必需的。HSPG改变FGF-FGFR相互作用，CFR参与FGF的细胞内运输。FGF信号通路错综复杂，与胰岛素样生长因子、转化生长因子-β、骨形态发生蛋白以及果蝇无翅激活通路的脊椎动物同源物的信号通路相互交织。FGF是胚胎发育的主要调节因子：它们影响初级体轴、神经轴、肢体和其他结构的形成。FGF的活性取决于它们通过对基因表达和细胞骨架的影响来协调基本细胞功能，如存活、复制、分化、黏附和运动。
